Conversando com o cérebro – Uma introdução a técnicas de estimulação cerebral não invasivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29384/rbfm.2024.v18.19849001762Palavras-chave:
Estimulação cerebral não invasiva, estimulação magnética transcraniana, estimulação elétrica transcraniana, ultrassom focalizado de baixa intensidadeResumo
Ao longo do tempo, diferentes estímulos, tais como visual, sonoro, químico, físico, entre outros, foram empregados para investigar as respostas neurológicas, com o objetivo de decifrar os mecanismos subjacentes ao funcionamento cerebral. As técnicas de estimulação cerebral não invasivas vêm ganhando espaço tanto no aspecto de estratégias terapêuticas para distúrbios neuronais como ferramenta para aumentar a nossa compreensão acerca do cérebro humano. O intuito deste artigo de revisão é fornecer uma introdução à compreensão de três modalidades, sendo elas a estimulação magnética transcraniana, a estimulação elétrica transcraniana e o ultrassom focalizado de baixa intensidade. Esses métodos, ao explorar campos magnéticos, correntes elétricas e ondas ultrassônicas, oferecem novas perspectivas para a compreensão e intervenção nas funções cerebrais, destacando-se como potenciais ferramentas tanto para avanços científicos quanto para aplicações clínicas na manipulação cerebral, principalmente com o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. Ao longo do texto, também são abordados os métodos de registro das respostas cerebrais provocadas por essas técnicas.
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